doi:10. 16597 / j. cnki. issn. 1002 154x. 2026. 02. 004
高效阻盐Janus光热膜的制备及在太阳能海水淡化中的应用
田杰 雍达明∗
(扬州工业职业技术学院化学工程学院, 扬州 225127)
摘 要 太阳能海水淡化是应对能源危机和水资源短缺的良好策略。传统蒸发器在长时间运行后面临耐用性差和蒸发效率低的挑战。作者通过化学还原氧化石墨烯的方法制备了一种具有优异蒸发效率和阻盐分效果的Janus光热膜。作者在全亲水纤维膜基材上添加了化学处理的还原氧化石墨烯（rGO），随后通过氯化处理提高了其疏水性能。该光热膜上层具有超疏水性能（水接触角为151.1°），下层具有超亲水性能（25.5°）。由于rGO优异的光热性能，Janus膜在一个太阳光照射下（1kW·m-2）可以达到64.5%的稳态温度。最终Janus膜在一个太阳光照射下实现了1.22kg·m-2·h-1的海水蒸发速率。此外，由于Janus膜上层超疏水，下层超亲水，盐分不会在光热层（上层）沉积。因此这种设计起到了很好的阻盐效率，有效提高了光热膜耐久性。该工作为高效耐久的太阳能海水淡化提供了非常有前景的策略。
关键词 光热膜 功能纤维 还原氧化石墨烯 海水淡化 太阳能
Preparation of High-efficiency Salt Blocking Janus Photothermal Membrane and Its Application in Solar Seawater Desalination
TIAN Jie∗ YONG Daming
(School of Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou Polytechnic Institute, Yangzhou 225127, China)
Abstract Solar powered seawater desalination is a good strategy to address energy crisis and water scarcity. Traditional evaporators face challenges of poor durability and low evaporation efficiency after prolonged operation. In this work, A Janus photothermal film with excellent evaporation efficiency and salt blocking effect were prepared by chemical reduction of graphene oxide. Specifically, chemically treated reduced graphene oxide (rGO) were added onto a fully hydrophilic fiber membrane substrate, followed by fluorination treatment to enhance its hydrophobicity. The upper layer of the photothermal film has superhydrophobic properties (water contact angle = 151.1°), while the lower layer has superhydrophilic properties (25.5°). Due to the excellent photothermal performance of rGO, the Janus film can reach a steady- state temperature of 64.5°C under one solar irradiation (1kW·m-2). The final Janus membrane achieved a seawater evaporation rate of 1.22kg·m-2·h-1 under one solar irradiation. In addition, due to the superhydrophobicity of the upper layer and superhydrophilicity of the lower layer of the Janus membrane, salt would not deposit in the photothermal layer (upper layer). Therefore, this design had a good salt blocking efficiency, effectively improving the durability of the photothermal film. This work provided a very promising strategy for efficient and durable solar powered seawater desalination.
Keywords photothermal membrane functional fiber reduced graphene oxide seawater desalination solar energy